An up-to-date, comprehensive reference text with a sound scientific evidence-based foundation to support and challenge scientists, medical practitioners, professionals allied to medicine, senior coaches, physical educators, and students involved in youth sport and/or paediatric exercise science and medicine
Each comprehensively referenced chapter critically analyses the research literature, establishes what we know, identifies gaps in our knowledge, and challenges current dogma
Chapters examine how recently developed experimental techniques, technologies, and methods of interpreting data have provided new insights into understanding the relationships between, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, health, and sport performance in childhood and adolescence
All chapters are extensively referenced to promote further study and cross-referenced within and across sections to enable interested readers to easily access and integrate complementary information
The 104 contributing scientists and clinicians represent 67 universities and university hospitals in 25 countries and are internationally recognised experts in their field.
New to this Edition:
Discusses recently developed experimental techniques, technologies, and methods of interpreting data
Forty five new contributors and chapters on 20 new topics have been introduced to this edition
Previous chapters have been re-appraised in the light of recent and current research and re-written, often by new contributors who have emerged as leading researchers and practitioners in their field since the publication of the previous edition
Table of Contents
Exercise Science
1:Growth and maturation, Adam DG Baxter-Jones
2:Development of motor control, Andrea Utley
3:Developmental biodynamics, James Watkins
4:Development of muscle strength, Mark BA De Ste Croix
5:Molecular exercise physiology, Marius Meinhold and Henning Wackerhage
6:Exercise and physiological variability, George R Biltz and Christopher J Lundstrom
7:Cerebrovascular responses to exercise, Ali M McManus and Christine M Tallon
8:Metabolic responses to exercise, Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer, Alice. E Thackray, and Michael L Newell
9:Endocrine responses to exercise, Alon Eliakim and Dan Nemet
10:Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise, Neil Armstrong and Ali M McManus
11:Muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics, Alan R Barker and Neil Armstrong
12:Neuromuscular fatigue, Sébastien Ratel and Dimitrios Patikas
13:Effort perception, Kevin L Lamb, Gaynor Parfitt, and Roger G Eston
Exercise Medicine
14:The role of molecular mechanisms in transducing physical activity and exercise into health benefits, Dan M Cooper and Shlomit Radom-Aizik
15:Assessment of physical activity behaviours, Knut Eirik Dalene and Ulf Ekelund
16:Systematic promotion of physical activity, Stef Kremers, Ree M Meertens, and Robert AC Ruiter
17:Genetics of physical activity and physical fitness, Yahua Zi, Meike Bartels, and Eco JC de Geus
18:Sedentary behaviour and health, Natalie Pearson and Lauren Sherar
19:Physical activity, exercise, and cardiovascular health, Isabel Ferreira and Jason MR Gill
20:Physical activity, exercise, and the metabolic syndrome, Eero A Haapala and Marja Leppänen
21:Physical activity, exercise, and eating and weight disorders, Andrew P Hills, Steven J Street, and Nuala M Byrne
22:Physical activity, exercise, and bone health, Leigh Gabel, Heather Macdonald, and Heather McKay
23:Physical activity, exercise, and diabetes mellitus, Lauren Turner, Edgar GAH van Mil, and Michael C Riddell
24:Physical activity, exercise, and asthma, Helge Hebestreit, Susi Kriemler, and Thomas Radtke
25:Physical activity, exercise, and cystic fibrosis, Thomas Radtke, Susi Kriemler, and Helge Hebestreit
26:Physical activity, exercise, and cerebral palsy, Olaf Verschuren and Eline Bolster
27:Physical activity, exercise, and mental health, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Lucia V Torres-Lopez, and Jairo H Migueles
28:Physical activity, exercise, and intellectual disability, Bo Fernhall, Tracy Baynard, and Thessa Hilgenkamp
Sport Science
29:Bio-banding in youth sport, Robert M Malina, Sean Cumming, and Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva
30:Morphology of the youth athlete, Diogo Martinho, João Valente-dos-Santos, and Robert M Malina
31:Development of aerobic and anaerobic fitness, Neil Armstrong and Melitta A McNarry
32:Aerobic and anaerobic responses to training, Melitta A McNarry and Neil Armstrong
33:Development and training of speed and agility, Jon L Oliver and Rhodri S Lloyd
34:High-intensity interval training, Craig A Williams
35:Resistance training, Avery D Faigenbaum and Rhodri S Lloyd
36:Neuromuscular training effects on performance, Urs Granacher, David G Behm, and Avery D Faigenbaum
37:Markers of training stress and overtraining, Jaak Jürimäe
38:The youth athlete in hot and cold environments, Bareket Falk and Raffy Dotan
39:Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the youth athlete, Thomas W Rowland
40:Physiological assessment and monitoring of elite youth athletes, Neil Armstrong and Alan R Barker
41:Long-term athletic development, Rhodri S Lloyd and Jon L Oliver
Sport Medicine
42:Epidemiology and prevention of sports injuries, Joske Nauta, Natalia FN Bittencourt, and Caroline Bolling
43:Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in physical education, Dorine CM Collard, Joske Nauta, and Frank JG Backx
44:Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive non-contact, sports, Luiz Hespanhol, Tiê Parma Yamato, and Per Bo Mahler
45:Epidemiology and prevention of injuries in competitive contact and collision sports, Joske Nauta, Nicloa Sewry, and Evert ALM Verhagen
46:Role of stretching on range of motion, performance, and injury incidence, David G Behm
47:Head and cervical spine injuries, Robert V Cantu and Robert C Cantu
48:Upper extremity and trunk injuries, Akin Cil, Christopher M Shaw, and Joshua Locker
49:Lower limb injuries, Rocco Aicale and Nicola Maffulli
50:Disability, youth sport, and clinical care of the youth Para athlete, Wayne Derman, Eileen Africa, and Candace Vermaak
51:Nutrition and eating disorders in youth sport, Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Christine Sundgot-Borgen, and Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
52:Dietary supplements in youth sport, Ronald J. Maughan and Susan M Shirreffs
53:Doping and anti-doping in youth sport, Alan Vernec and David Gerrard
54:Safeguarding child athletes, Margo Mountjoy and Tine Vertommen
Neil Armstrong, Emeritus Professor of Paediatric Physiology and Founding Director, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, England, UK, and Willem Van Mechelen, Emeritus Professor of Occupational and Sports Medicine, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Location VUmc, The Netherlands
Contributors:
Eileen Africa, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Rocco Aicale, MD, Clinician, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy.
Neil Armstrong, PhD, DSc, Emeritus Professor, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, England.
Frank JG Backx, PhD, MD, Professor, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Alan R Barker, PhD, Associate Professor, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, England.
Meike Bartels, PhD, Professor, Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Adam DG Baxter-Jones, PhD, Professor, College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Tracy Baynard, PhD, Associate Professor, College of Applied Health Sciences, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
David G Behm, PhD, Research Professor, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
George R Biltz, MD, Senior Lecturer (retired), School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Natalia FN Bittencourt, PhD, Sports Physical Therapist, Sports Physical Therapy Department, Clube Atletico Mineiro, Brazil.
Caroline Bolling, PhD, Researcher, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Movement Sciences, Vrije University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eline Bolster, PhD, Senior Researcher, Lifestyle and Health Research Group, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nuala M Byrne, PhD, Professor, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, PhD, Lecturer, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Robert C Cantu, MD, Clinical Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Emerson Hospital, Concord, USA.
Robert V Cantu, MD, Orthopaedic Surgeon, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, USA.
Akin Cil, MD, Professor, Division of Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA.
Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva, PhD, Professor, CIDAF Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Dorine CM Collard, PhD, Senior Researcher, Mulier Instituut Centre for Research on Sports in Society, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dan M Cooper, MD, Professor, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Medical School, Irvine, California, USA.
Sean P Cumming, PhD, Reader, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, England.
Knut Eirik Dalene, PhD, Researcher, Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
Mark BA De Ste Croix, PhD, Professor, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, England.
Eco JC de Geus, PhD, Professor, Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wayne Derman, MBChB, PhD, Professor, Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Raffy Dotan, MSc, Bioscience Researcher, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Ulf Ekelund, PhD, Professor, Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Alon Eliakim, MD, Professor, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Roger G Eston, DPE, Professor, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Avery D Faigenbaum, EdD, Professor, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA.
Bareket Falk, PhD, Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Bo Fernhall, PhD, Professor, College of Applied Health Sciences, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Isabel Ferreira, PhD, Professor, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Leigh Gabel, PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
David Gerrard, MD, Emeritus Professor, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Jason MR Gill, PhD, Professor, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
Urs Granacher, PhD, Professor, Department of Sport and Sport Science and Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Eero A Haapala, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Helge Hebestreit, PhD, MD, Professor, Paediatric Pulmonology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sports Medicine, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Luiz Hespanhol, PhD, Professor, Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Thessa Hilgenkamp, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada, USA.
Andrew P Hills, PhD, Professor, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Jaak Jürimäe, PhD, Professor, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Stef PJ Kremers, PhD, Professor, Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Susi Kriemler, MD, Professor, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Kevin L Lamb, PhD, Professor, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, England.
Marja H Leppänen, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
Joshua Locker, MD, Fellow, Division of Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA.
Rhodri S Lloyd, PhD, Professor, Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales.
Christopher J Lundstrom, PhD, Lecturer, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Heather Macdonald, PhD, Research Associate, Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Nicola Maffulli, PhD, MD, Professor, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, England and Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy.
Per Bo Mahler, MD, Sport Medicine Physician, Service de Sante de l'Enfance et de la Jeunesse, Canton de Geneve, and La Tour Sport Medicine SOMC, Ho?pital de La Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland.
Robert M Malina, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
Diogo Martinho, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, CIDAF Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Therese Fostervold Mathisen, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway.
Ronald J Maughan, PhD, Honorary Professor, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland.
Heather McKay, PhD, Professor, Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Ali M McManus, PhD, Professor, Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
Melitta A McNarry, PhD, Professor, Applied Sports, Exercise, Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales.
Marius Meinhold, MSc, Docent, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Ree M Meertens, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jairo H Migueles, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Margo Mountjoy, PhD, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Joske Nauta, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Movement Sciences, Vrije University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dan Nemet, MD, Medical Director, Israel Olympic Committee and Professor, Child Health and Sports Center, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Michael L Newell, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, England.
Jon L Oliver, PhD, Professor, Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales.
Gaynor Parfitt, PhD, Professor, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Dimitrios Patikas, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
Natalie Pearson, PhD, Senior Research Associate, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England.
Shlomit Radom-Aizik, PhD, Associate Professor, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Medical School, Irvine, California, USA.
Thomas Radtke, PhD, Senior Researcher, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Sébastien Ratel, PhD, Associate Professor, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Michael C Riddell, PhD, Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Thomas W Rowland, MD, Professor, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA.
Robert AC Ruiter, PhD, Professor, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nicola Sewry, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Sport, Exercise Medicine, and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Christopher M Shaw, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA.
Lauren B Sherar, PhD, Professor, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England.
Susan M Shirreffs, PhD, Honorary Professor, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland.
Steven J Street, PhD, Researcher, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Christine Sundgot-Borgen, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, PhD, Professor, Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Christine M Tallon, MSc, Researcher, Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
Alice E Thackray, PhD, Senior Research Associate, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England.
Lucia V Torres-Lopez, MSc, Researcher, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Lauren Turner, MSc, Researcher, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Andrea Utley, PhD, Reader, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds,
England.
João Valente-dos-Santos, PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon and CIDAF Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Edgar GAH van Mil, PhD, MD, Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch and Special Chair in Youth Food and Health, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Evert ALM. Verhagen, PhD, Professor, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Movement Sciences, Vrije University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Candace Vermaak, PhD, Lecturer, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Alan Vernec, MD, Chief Medical Director, World Anti-Doping Agency, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Olaf Verschuren, PhD, Senior Researcher, Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Tine Vertommen, PhD, Criminologist and Researcher, Forensic Psychology, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences and Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Henning Wackerhage, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
James Watkins, PhD, Emeritus Professor, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales.
Craig A Williams, PhD, Professor, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, England.
Tiê Parma Yamato, PhD, Professor, Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil and Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, England.
Yahua Zi, MSc, Researcher, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China and Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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