A Practical Guide to the Histology of the Mouse

A Practical Guide to the Histology of the Mouse provides a full-colour atlas of mouse histology. Mouse models of disease are used extensively in biomedical research with many hundreds of new models being generated each year. Complete phenotypic analysis of all of these models can benefit from histologic review of the tissues. This book is aimed at veterinary and medical pathologists who are unfamiliar with mouse tissues and scientists who wish to evaluate their own mouse models. It provides practical guidance on the collection, sampling and analysis of mouse tissue samples in order to maximize the information that can be gained from these tissues. As well as illustrating the normal microscopic anatomy of the mouse, the book also describes and explains the common anatomic variations, artefacts associated with tissue collection and background lesions to help the scientist to distinguish these changes from experimentally- induced lesions. This will be an essential bench-side companion for researchers and practitioners looking for an accessible and well-illustrated guide to mouse pathology. Written by experienced pathologists and specifically tailored to the needs of scientists and histologists Full colour throughout Provides advice on sampling tissues, necropsy and recording data Includes common anatomic variations, background lesions and artefacts which will help non-experts understand whether histologic variations seen are part of the normal background or related to their experimental manipulation Cheryl L Scudamore is currently Head of Pathology at Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell and an Honorary Professor in Experimental Pathology at the Royal Veterinary College. She has worked extensively as a pathologist in academia and industry in the UK and is known for her interest in and promotion of postgraduate training in laboratory animal pathology and histological techniques CONTENTS Chapter 1 Necropsy of the mouse 1 Lorna Rasmussen and Elizabeth McInnes 1.1 Recording of findings 2 1.2 Bleeding technique 3 1.3 Perfusion 3 1.4 External examination 4 1.5 Weighing of organs 6 1.6 Positioning of mouse for necropsy and removing the skin 6 1.7 Opening the abdominal cavity and exposing organs 9 1.8 Removing the ribcage to expose lungs and heart 17 1.9 Removing the brain and spinal cord 20 1.10 Collecting and fixing tissue samples 22 References 22 Chapter 2 Practical approaches to reviewing and recording pathology data 25 Cheryl L. Scudamore 2.1 Sample selection and trimming patterns 26 2.2 Controls 28 2.3 Standardizing terminology 28 2.4 Microscopic terminology 30 2.5 Recording pathology data 33 2.6 Quantitative versus semiquantitative analysis 35 2.7 Semiquantitative techniques 37 2.8 Quantitative techniques 38 References 40 Chapter 3 Gastrointestinal system 43 Cheryl L. Scudamore 3.1 Background and development 43 3.2 Oral cavity 43 3.3 Salivary glands 46 3.4 Stomach and intestines 48 3.5 Liver 56 3.6 Pancreas 59 References 61 Chapter 4 Cardiovascular system 63 Cheryl L. Scudamore 4.1 Background and development 63 4.2 Sampling techniques and morphometry 63 4.3 Artefacts 65 4.4 Anatomy and histology of the heart 67 4.5 Anatomy and histology of the blood vessels 69 References 72 Chapter 5 Urinary system 75 Elizabeth McInnes 5.1 Background and development 75 5.2 Sampling techniques 76 5.3 Artefacts 76 5.4 Background lesions 77 5.5 Anatomy and histology 79 References 85 Chapter 6 Reproductive system 87 Cheryl L. Scudamore 6.1 Background and development of the male and female reproductive tract 87 6.2 Female reproductive tract 88 6.3 Male reproductive tract 97 References 105 Chapter 7 Endocrine system 109 Ian Taylor 7.1 Introduction 109 7.2 Adrenals 109 7.3 Pituitary 114 7.4 Thyroids and parathyroids 117 References 121 Chapter 8 Nervous system 123 Aude Roulois 8.1 Introduction 123 8.2 Necropsy 123 8.3 Fixation/perfusion 126 8.4 Trimming 131 8.5 Special stains and techniques 133 8.6 Microscopic examination 137 8.7 Normal histology-juvenile – CNS and PNS 137 8.8 Artefacts – CNS and PNS 141 8.9 Pathological changes and background pathology – CNS and PNS 142 8.10 Acknowledgment 146 References 146 Useful website resources 148 Chapter 9 Lymphoid and haematopoietic system 149 Ian Taylor 9.1 Introduction 149 9.2 Lymph nodes 150 9.3 Spleen 156 9.4 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) 160 9.5 Thymus 161 9.6 Bone marrow 164 References 166 Chapter 10 Integument and adipose tissue 169 Cheryl L. Scudamore 10.1 Background and development 169 10.2 Sampling technique 170 10.3 Anatomy and histology 171 References 177 Chapter 11 The respiratory system 179 Elizabeth McInnes 11.1 Background and development 179 11.2 Embryology 179 11.3 Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system 180 11.4 Upper respiratory tract 180 11.5 Lower respiratory tract 189 References 193 Chapter 12 Special senses 195 Cheryl L. Scudamore 12.1 Background and development 195 12.2 Sampling technique for the eye 195 12.3 Artefacts 197 12.4 Anatomy and histology of the eye and associated glands 199 12.5 Background and development of the ear 204 12.6 Sampling technique for the ear and associated structures 205 12.7 Anatomy and histology of the ear and associated glands 206 References 209 Chapter 13 Musculoskeletal system 211 Cheryl L. Scudamore 13.1 Background and development 211 13.2 Sampling techniques 211 13.3 Anatomy and histology 212 References 218 Index 221

Cheryl L Scudamore is currently Head of Pathology at Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell and an Honorary Professor in Experimental Pathology at the Royal Veterinary College. She has worked extensively as a pathologist in academia and industry in the UK and is known for her interest in and promotion of postgraduate training in laboratory animal pathology and histological techniques