Maternal-fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Improving clinicians' understanding of effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development can have considerable impact on achieving a healthy pregnancy and reducing childhood morbidity. This book defines the nutritional requirements with regard to each stage of fetal development and growth, placing scientific developments into a clinical context. Clinicians and scientists discuss: how the fetus grows and what macro- and micronutrients it requires; what happens when there is nutrient deficiency and when placental development is abnormal; aspects of infant feeding, both with breast milk and formula milk. Specific problems encountered in pregnancy that pose a nutritional challenge are also considered, including pregnancy in teenagers, multiple pregnancies and pregnancy in those who are vegetarians or vegans. All doctors, health-care workers or scientists who either care for women, their newborn and growing infants, or who are involved in research in these areas, will find this to be essential reading. - In-depth chapters on maternal adaptations to allow nutrient absorption and optimal fetal growth give readers an authoritative background to the mechanisms that control fetal growth and development - Chapters discuss the consequences of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy and how interventions may help alleviate these problems - Provides the scientific background to infant nutrition and feeding and discusses practices of infant feeding, both with breast milk and infant formula Contents Part I. Nutritional Regulation and Requirements for Pregnancy and Fetal Growth: 1. Maternal adaptations to pregnancy and the role of the placenta Leslie Myatt and Theresa Powell; 2. Pregnancy and feto-placental growth: macronutrients Laura Brown, Tim Regnault, Paul Rozance, James Barry and William W. Hay Jr; 3. Mineral requirements of the mother and conceptus Lorraine Gambling and Harry J. McArdle; 4. Individualized growth curves and size at birth Eve Blair; 5. Maternal diets in the developing world Shobha Rao and Chittaranjan Yajnik; 6. Pre-eclampsia Fergus McCarthy and Louise Kenny; Part II. Nutritional Regulation and Requirements for Lactation and Infant Growth: 7. Macronutrients for lactation and infant growth Thibault Senterre, Jacques Rigo; 8. Changes in nutrient requirements with age after birth Christopher H. Knight; 9. Comparison between preterm and term infants Mary Fewtrell and Sirinuch Chomtho; 10. Influences of timing and duration of formula feeding on infant growth William C. Heird; 11. Maternal and offspring benefits of breastfeeding Alison C. Tse and Karin B. Michels; Part III. Specialized Requirements: 12. Teenage pregnancies Annie S. Anderson and Wendy Wrieden; 13. Vegetarians and vegans during pregnancy and lactation Rana Conway and Adrienne Cullum; 14. Hyperemesis in pregnancy James D. Paauw and Alan T. Davis; 15. Multiple pregnancy Barbara Luke; 16. Mineral and vitamin supplementation before, during and after conception Y. Ingrid Goh; 17. Determinants of egg and embryo quality: long term effects of maternal diet and assisted reproduction Kevin D. Sinclair and Wing Yee Kwong; 18. Nutrition, environment and epigenetics Ian M. Morison and Wolf Reik; Index. Contributors Leslie Myatt, Theresa Powell, Laura Brown, Tim Regnault, Paul Rozance, James Barry, William W. Hay Jr, Lorraine Gambling, Harry J. McArdle, Eve Blair, Shobha Rao, Chittaranjan Yajnik, Fergus McCarthy, Louise Kenny, Thibault Senterre, Jacques Rigo, Christopher H. Knight, Mary Fewtrell, Sirinuch Chomtho, William C. Heird, Alison C. Tse, Karin B. Michels, Annie S. Anderson, Wendy Wrieden, Rana Conway, Adrienne Cullum, James D. Paauw, Alan T. Davis, Barbara Luke, Y. Ingrid Goh, Kevin D. Sinclair, Wing Yee Kwong, Ian M. Morison, Wolf Reik