Paediatric Heart Disease

A companion book to Adult Congenital Heart Disease that will concentrate on the practical management of children with heart conditions. This is aimed at general paediatricians and physicians who are responsible for ongoing management, rather than specialists concerned with acute or rare presentations. The book will be illustrated with relevant radiology scans, demonstrating which investigations are appropriate, and will provide the relevant information for the generalist on patient management for different lesions. A section on emergency management is also included. Authorship is international, with contributions from both sides of the Atlantic and from Japan. Piers Daubeney, Consultant Paediatric and Fetal CardiologyRoyal Brompton, London, UK - Steven Webber Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA - M. Gatzoulis - K. Niwa CONTENTS Section I: General cardiology 1 Epidemiology and genetics, 1 Bradley B. Keller 2 Basic cardiac physiology, 6 Michael Cheung 3 Cardiac morphology and nomenclature, 11 S. Yen Ho Section II: Clinical evaluation and investigation 4 History and clinical examination, 20 Lee Beerman 5 Basic non-invasive investigations, 26 Lee Beerman 6 Echocardiography and Doppler, 34 Michael L. Rigby 7 Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and angiography, 46 Michael L. Rigby 8 Advanced cardiac imaging, 54 Michael Cheung Section III: Specifi c congenital heart lesions Acyanotic lesions 9 Left-to-right shunts, 61 Phil Roberts 10 Right-sided malformations, 71 Victoria Jowett 11 Abnormalities of left ventricular infl ow and outfl ow, 79 Anna Seale 12 Aortic malformations, rings, and slings, 89 Alex Gooi 13 Coronary artery lesions, 97 Alex Gooi Cyanotic lesions 14 Transposition and transposition complexes, 103 Georgios Giannakoulas and Michael A. Gatzoulis 15 Abnormalities of right ventricular outfl ow, 111 Michael L. Rigby 16 Common mixing situations, 124 Michael L. Rigby Other lesions 17 Heterotaxy, scimitar, and arteriovenous malformations, 136 Michael L. Rigby Section IV: Diseases of the peri-, endo- and myocardium 18 Pericardial disease and infectious endocarditis, 142 Michael Y. Henein and Koichiro Niwa 19 Cardiomyopathies and acute myocarditis, 150 Steven A. Webber and Brian Feingold 20 Cardiac tumors, 160 Koichiro Niwa and Shigeru Tateno Section V: Pulmonary hypertension 21 Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension in children, 164 Alan G. Magee 22 Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (including Eisenmenger syndrome), 168 Mark S. Spence and Michael A. Gatzoulis Section VI: Rhythm disorders 23 Bradyarrhythmias, 176 Jan Till 24 Tachyarrhythmias, 181 Jan Till Section VII: Systemic disease with cardiovascular involvement 25 Rheumatic fever, 195 Maria Virginia Tavares Santana and Cleusa Cavalcanti Lapa Santos 26 Marfan syndrome and connective tissue disorders, 199 Koichiro Niwa and Shigeru Tateno 27 Kawasaki disease and Takayasu arteritis, 204 Koichiro Niwa and Shigeru Tateno 28 Hyperlipidemia, 209 Eric Quivers 29 Systemic hypertension, 214 Eric Quivers Section VIII: Congenital heart disease at the extremes of life 30 Fetal cardiology, 222 Helena M. Gardiner 31 Adult congenital heart disease, 227 Anselm Uebing and Michael A. Gatzoulis Section IX: Management strategies 32 Principles of medical management, 239 Zdenek Slavik 33 Catheter intervention, 246 Alan W. Nugent 34 Principles of surgical management, 252 Hideki Uemura 35 Heart, lung, and heart–lung transplantation, 257 Steven A. Webber Section X: Common clinical problems in the office 36 Murmurs in asymptomatic patients, 265 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum 37 Syncope and presyncope, 268 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum 38 Chest pain, 270 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum 39 Palpitations, 272 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum 40 Stridor, 274 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum 41 Cyanosis and cyanotic spells, 276 William H. Neches, Gregory H. Tatum, and Michael L. Rigby 42 Activity restriction, 280 William H. Neches and Gregory H. Tatum Appendices Appendix A Resuscitation algorithms, 282 Margarita Burmester Appendix B Glossary of terms commonly used in pediatric cardiac disease, 287 Nick Hayes Appendix C Pediatric cardiac drugs and dosages, 302 Sian Bentley Appendix D Endocarditis prophylaxis, 317 Jamie Cheong Appendix E Anticoagulation guidelines, 320 Sian Bentley and Alan G. Magee Index, 324