The Intensive Care Unit Manual

Intensive Care Unit Manual is a practical, hands-on, how-to manual that covers the full spectrum of conditions encountered in the ICU, guiding you step-by-step from your initial approach to the patient through diagnosis and treatment. Compact, affordable, and comprehensive, the ICU Manual puts all the critical care information you need right at your fingertips! New to this edition Grasp the latest developments in critical care with extensive updates and revisions to several key chapters, as well as brand-new chapters on Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes; Acute Heart Failure Syndromes; Noninvasive Ventilation; and more ICU conditions. Understand and apply the most important ICU practices, including management of acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, and the care of patients with special needs, AIDS, end-stage renal disease, or end-stage liver disease. Get convenient access to the full text and image library online at Expert Consult, in addition to online-only text, figures, and tables from the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes and Acute Heart Failure Syndromes chapters. Edited by Paul N. Lanken, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chief, Critical Care Section, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Medical Director (1987-1999), Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Scott Manaker, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medcine and Pharmacology, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Director of Clinical Documentation, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Benjamin A. Kohl, MD, FCCM, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Chief, Division of Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and C. William Hanson, III, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Section Chief, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Medical Director of Clinical Documentation, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Table of Contents: Section I. Basic Pathophysiologic Principles and Their Application in the Intensive Care Unit 1. Approach to Acute Respiratory Failure 2. Approach to Mechanical Ventilation 3. Noninvasive Ventilation 4. Liberation and Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Extubation 5. Sedation During Mechanical Ventilation 6. Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 7. Assessment and Monitoring of Hemodynamic Function 8. Cardiogenic Shock and Other Pump Failure States 9. Hemorrhagic Shock and Other Low Preload States 10. Septic Shock and Other Low Afterload States 11. Vascular Access Issues and Procedures   Section II. Supportive Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients 12. Approach to Supportive Care and Noninvasive Bedside Monitoring 13. Day-to-Day Management of the Critical Care Patient 14. Nosocomial Infections 15. Nutritional Therapy 16. Nutrition-Related Access Procedures 17. Pharmacokinetic Alterations in the Critically Ill 18. Rational Use of Antimicrobials 19. Rational Use of Blood Products Section III. Specialized Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients 20. Renal Replacement Therapy 21. Rehabilitation Interventions 22. Swallowing and Communication Disorders 23. Patient with AIDS or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 24. Cancer Patient with Neutropenia or Thrombocytopenia 25. Care of the Challenge-to-Wean Patient 26. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease 27. Care of the Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease 28. Care of the Maternal-Fetal Unit 29. Care of the Patient with Morbid Obesity   Section IV. Problems Arising in the Intensive Care Unit Setting: Evaluation and Management 30. Airways: Emergency Airway Management 31. Alcohol Withdrawl Syndromes 32. Allergies to Antibiotics 33. Arrhythmias (Bradycardias) 34. Arrhythmias (Tachycardias) 35. Barotrauma and Chest Tubes 36. Change in Mental Status 37. Delirium: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment 38. Diarrhea Developing in the Intensive Care Patient 39. Electrolyte Disorders 40. Ileus 41. Increased Intracranial Pressure 42. Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management 43. Skin Rashes 44. Sleep Disturbances in the Intensive Care Unit 45. Thrombocytopenia 46. Transfusion Reactions 47. Ventilator Alarm Situations 48. Weakness Developing in Intensive Care Unit Patient Section V. Presenting Problems for Intensive Care Unit Admission Cardiovascular 49. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Therapeutic Hypothermia 50. Acute Coronary Syndromes: Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina 51. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections 52. Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure 53. Hypertensive Crisis and Management of Hypertension 54. Pericardial Tamponade Environmental 55. Hypothermia and Hyperthermia 56. Smoke Inhalation and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 57. Drug Overdoses and Toxic Ingestions Gastrointestinal 58. Acute Pancreatitis 59. Acute Liver Failure 60. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Colitis 61. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Hematologic 62. Hemolytic Anemia 63. Idiopathic and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenias Infections 64. Acute Central Nervous System Infections 65. Community Acquired Pneumonia 66. Necrotizing Fascitis and Related Soft Tissue Infections Neurologic 67. Acute Neuromuscular Weakness 68. Brain Death and Management of Potential Organ Donors 69. Neurological Assessment and Prognosis After Cardiopulmonary Arrest 70. Status Epilepticus 71. Stroke   Obstetric 72. Obstetric and Postobstetric Complications Respiratory 73. Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 74. Alternate Modes of Ventilation for Acute Lung Injury 75. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Asthma 76. Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 77. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 78. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage 79. Massive Hemoptysis 80. Obesity Hypoventilation Sydrome Renal/Metabolic/Endocrine 81. Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis 82. Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State, and Alcoholic Ketoacidosis 83. Metabolic Acidoses and Alkaloses 84. Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 85. Thyroid and Adrenal Disorders in the ICU   Surgical-General 86. Perioperative Approach to the High-Risk Surgical Patient 87. Management of Postoperative and Other Acute Pain   Surgical-Specialized 88. Cardiac Surgery 89. Craniotomy 90. Major Abdominal Surgery: Postoperative Considerations 91. Major Tissue Flaps 92. Major Vascular Procedures 93. Perioperative Care of the Morbidly Obese Patient 94. Thoracic Surgical Patient Trauma 95. Approach to the Trauma Patient 96. Major Orthopedic Procedures 97. Abdominal Trauma 98. Extremity and Major Vascular Trauma 99. Head Trauma 100. Thoracic Trauma 101. Spinal Injury Section VI. Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills 102. Professionalism and Ethical Issues 103. Intensive Care Unit Teamwork and Collaborative Practice 104. Family Centered Care and Communication with Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients 105. Palliative and End of Life Care 106. Providing Culturally Competent Care 107. Sleep deprivation and sleepiness in medical housestaff and appropriate countermeasures   Systems-Based Practice 108. Medical Errors and Patient Safety 109. Documentation and Risk Management 110. Long-Term Acute Care in the Spectrum of Critical Care Medicine 111. Rapid Response Systems: Rapid Response Teams and Medical Emergency Teams 112. Telemedicine Applied to the Intensive Care Unit 113. Transporting the Intensive Care Unit Patient Appendix A. Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves B. Tidal Volume Ratios (VD/VT) C. Pallative Drug Therapy for Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation D. Acid-Base Map E. Algorithms F. Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment Protocol