Handbook of Small Animal Imaging

The use of small animal models in basic and preclinical sciences constitutes an integral part of testing new pharmaceutical agents prior to their application in clinical practice. New imaging and therapeutic approaches need to be tested and validated first in animals before application to humans.

Handbook of Small Animal Imaging: Preclinical Imaging, Therapy, and Applications collects the latest information about various imaging and therapeutic technologies used in preclinical research into a single source. Useful to established researchers as well as newcomers to the field, this handbook shows readers how to exploit and integrate these imaging and treatment modalities and techniques into their own research.

The book first presents introductory material on small animal imaging, therapy, and research ethics. It next covers ionizing radiation and nonionizing radiation methods in small animal imaging, hybrid imaging, and imaging agents. The book then addresses therapeutic research platforms and image quantification, explaining how to ensure accurate measurements of high-quality data. It concludes with an overview of many small animal imaging and therapy applications that demonstrate the strength of the techniques in biomedical fields.

Contents

INTRODUCTION TO SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING, THERAPY, AND APPLICATIONS
Defining Small Animal Imaging, Therapy, and Applications
Nancy L. Ford, George K. Loudos, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, and George C. Kagadis
Ethics and Regulations for Research with Animals
William R. Hendee
Small Animal Handling, Care, and Anesthesia
Tamara Godbey
Preclinical Models
Irene Cuadrado, Jesús Egido, Jose Luis Zamorano, and Carlos Zaragoza

SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING: IONIZING RADIATION
Microcomputed Tomography
Nancy L. Ford
Digital Subtracted Angiography of Small Animals
Stavros Spiliopoulos, George C. Kagadis, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, G. Allan Johnson, and Cristian Badea
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Matthew A. Lewis
Positron Emission Tomography
Vesna Sossi and Matthew Walker

SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING: NONIONIZING RADIATION
MR Imaging
Dmitri Artemov
Optical Imaging
Matthew A. Lewis

HYBRID IMAGING
Optical-CT Imaging
Xueli Chen, Dongmei Chen, FengLin Liu, Wenxiang Cong, Ge Wang, and Jimin Liang
PET/CT
Mohammad Reza Ay and Nafiseh Ghazanfari
Introduction to Combining MRI with PET
Volkmar Schulz, Jakob Wehner, and Yannick Berker
Exotic Imaging Approaches
Maria Koutsoupidou and Irene S. Karanasiou

IMAGING AGENTS
X-Ray, MRI, and Ultrasound Agents: Basic Principles
Michael F. Tweedle, Krishan Kumar, and Michael V. Knopp
Radiochemistry for Preclinical Imaging Studies
Sven Macholl and Matthias Glaser
Molecular Targets and Optical Probes
Eleni K. Efthimiadou and George Kordas

THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH PLATFORMS
Developing Technologies for Small Animal Radiotherapy
Frank Verhaegen, James Stewart, and David Jaffray
Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation in Small Animal Imaging
Michael G. Stabin
Treatment Planning for Small Animals
Frank Verhaegen
Radiolabeled Agents for Molecular Imaging and/or Therapy
Dimitrios Psimadas and Eirini A. Fragogeorgi

IMAGE QUANTIFICATION
Quantification in Nuclear Preclinical Imaging
Istvan Szanda
Performance Assessment of Small Animal Imaging Systems and Common Standards
Nancy L. Ford
Monte Carlo Simulations in Imaging and Therapy
Panagiotis Papadimitroulas, George C. Kagadis, and George K. Loudos

APPLICATIONS: INCLUDES BOTH IMAGING AND THERAPY
Small Animal Imaging and Therapy: How They Affect Patient Care
Lawrence W. Dobrucki
Applications for Drug Development
Jeßica Kalra, Donald T. Yapp, Murray Webb, and Marcel B. Bally
Imaging of Intracellular Targets
Veerle Kersemans
Imaging of Cell Trafficking and Cell Tissue Homing
Veerle Kersemans
Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease
Aleksandra Kalinowska and Lawrence W. Dobrucki
Imaging Angiogenesis
Lawrence W. Dobrucki
Imaging of Hypoxia, Apoptosis, and Inflammation
Stavros Spiliopoulos and Athanasios Diamantopoulos
Vessel Wall Imaging
Stavros Spiliopoulos

George C. Kagadis, PhD, FAAPM, is an associate professor of medical physics and medical informatics at the University of Patras. He also holds an adjunct assistant professor appointment at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is a Greek State Scholarship Foundation grantee, a Fulbright research scholar, and a fellow of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). He has authored about 80 journal papers and presented at more than 20 conferences. He received his PhD in medical physics from the University of Patras. His current research interests focus on medical image processing and analysis, studies in molecular imaging, IHE, and CAD applications.

Nancy L. Ford, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences and the director of the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia. She is a full member of the AAPM and an associate editor of Medical Physics. She publishes in journals on medical physics, radiology, and dental science. She received her PhD in medical biophysics from the University of Western Ontario. Her research focuses on preclinical micro-computed tomography imaging and image-based analysis, primarily studying models of respiratory diseases, along with CBCT and MSCT for medical and dental applications.

Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, PhD, EBIR, is an associate professor of interventional radiology at the University of Patras. He is a fellow of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and a member of the Hellenic Radiology Society, the Hellenic Society of Interventional Radiology, and the Western Greece Radiology Society. He has been involved as a participant/principal investigator in several national/international research projects and has published 122 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He received his PhD from the School of Medicine, University of Patras. His research interests include angiogenesis in malignant and benign diseases, the augmentation of arteriogenesis in critical limb ischemia, endothelial hyperplasia inhibition after endovascular procedures, and ureteral obstructive diseases.

George K. Loudos, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Technological Educational Institute of Athens. He has published 89 articles in international journals and more than 200 papers in conference proceedings. He received his PhD in biomedical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens. His research interests focus on molecular imaging using nuclear medicine techniques and medical instrumentation. He strongly supports interdisciplinary cooperation and education in the field of nanomedicine and molecular imaging.